Existentialism

What is Existentialism?

Existentialism is a philosophical movement that emphasizes individual existence, freedom, and choice. It posits that humans define their own meaning in life and try to make rational decisions despite existing in an irrational universe. The philosophy holds that although we are born without a predetermined purpose, we are responsible for creating our own essence and meaning through our actions.

Core Tenets

• Existence Precedes Essence: Unlike manufactured objects which are conceived with a purpose (essence) before they exist, humans are born into existence first, and then define their own essence through their choices and actions.
• Freedom and Responsibility: Individuals are radically free and are therefore entirely responsible for their choices. This freedom can be a source of anxiety ("existential dread") but is also the foundation of human dignity.
• Anguish, Forlornness, and Despair: These are the emotional consequences of recognizing one's absolute freedom and responsibility in a meaningless universe.
• The Absurd: The conflict between humanity's inherent search for meaning and the universe's apparent lack of inherent meaning or order.
• Authenticity: Living in accordance with one's freely chosen values and commitments, rather than conforming to societal pressures or accepting predetermined roles.

Key Thinkers

While a diverse group, some of the most prominent figures associated with existentialism include:

• Søren Kierkegaard: Often considered the father of existentialism, he emphasized subjective truth and the leap of faith.
• Friedrich Nietzsche: Explored themes of the will to power, the death of God, and the Übermensch.
• Jean-Paul Sartre: Popularized existentialism with works like "Being and Nothingness" and "Existentialism is a Humanism."
• Albert Camus: Though he often distanced himself from the label, his exploration of the absurd and revolt aligns closely with existentialist themes.
• Simone de Beauvoir: A key figure in feminist existentialism, known for "The Second Sex."

Existentialism and Modern Life

In a world often characterized by rapid change, consumerism, and the search for identity, existentialist ideas remain remarkably relevant. They encourage us to question societal norms, confront our anxieties, and actively create a life of purpose and meaning, however fleeting.