The Age of Reason
The Enlightenment, a philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century, emphasized reason and individualism over tradition. It was a period of profound intellectual and cultural transformation, challenging established norms and advocating for human rights, liberty, and progress.
Key Philosophers
John Locke
Champion of natural rights (life, liberty, and property) and the concept of government by consent. His ideas profoundly influenced political thought.
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Advocate for the social contract and the general will, emphasizing popular sovereignty and the innate goodness of humanity.
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A fierce advocate for freedom of speech, religious tolerance, and the separation of church and state, known for his wit and sharp criticism.
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Proposed the separation of powers in government, a principle that has become a cornerstone of modern democracies.
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Synthesized rationalism and empiricism, exploring the limits of human knowledge and the foundations of morality.
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The driving force behind the Encyclopédie, a monumental work that disseminated Enlightenment ideas across Europe.
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The ideas of these Enlightenment thinkers laid the groundwork for revolutions, the development of democratic societies, and the pursuit of scientific and rational inquiry that continues to shape our world today. Their emphasis on critical thinking, individual rights, and the potential for human progress remains as relevant as ever.